Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Dharmapala, D.
Right arrow Articles by Garoupa, N.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Related Collections
Right arrow K14 - Criminal Law
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Law and Economics Review V6 N1 2004 (185-207)
American Law and Economics Review Vol. 6 No. 1, © American Law and Economics Association 2004; all rights reserved.

Penalty Enhancement for Hate Crimes: An Economic Analysis

Dhammika Dharmapala

University of Connecticut, London

Nuno Garoupa

Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

Send correspondence to: Dhammika Dharmapala, University of Connecticut, 341 Mansfield Road, U-1063, Storrs, CT 06269-1063; Fax: (860) 486-4463; E-mail: dhammika.dharmapala{at}uconn.edu

This article develops an economic analysis of penalty enhancements for bias-motivated (or "hate") crimes. Our model allows potential offenders' benefits from a crime to depend on the victim's group identity, and assumes that potential victims have the opportunity to undertake socially costly victimization avoidance activities. We derive the result that a pattern of crimes disproportionately targeting an identifiable group leads to greater social harm (even when the harm to an individual victim from a bias-motivated crime is identical to that from an equivalent non–hate crime). In addition, we consider a number of other issues related to hate crime laws.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.